If you do not know the name of the author, use the name of the organization that published the work you are citing.Įxample 1: According to Kristine Johnson, there is a connection between writing and emotion (59-60).Įxample 2: Michelle Navarre Cleary proposes ten reasons why students plagiarize (66-71). A signal phrase includes a verb as well as the name of the author who wrote your source. The first time you mention a source in your paper, you must include a signal phrase. Just use the author's name or the title of the work.Įxample 4: Search engines like Google have changed the way scholars find research (Grigas et al.). No page number? That can be the case for electronic sources. Keep things interesting for your readers by switching up the language and placement of your signal phrases. Use the title of the work instead.Įxample 3: Writing is a recursive process ("Resources for Writers: The Writing Process"). About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. The way you format an in-text citation depends on the type of source and how the source appears on your Works Cited page.Įxample 1: Writing is a process of discovery (Murray 1235).įun fact! If you've already mentioned the author's name in the sentence, you don't have to include their name again in the parenthetical citation.Įxample 2: Peter Elbow and Pat Belanoff contend that research is a process of combining new and existing knowledge (303).ĭon't know the author's name? Don't panic. ![]() You can do this by using a parenthetical citation, aka an in-text citation. Common signal phrases include such phrasing as According to X, As noted by X, As X argued, stated, reported, or some other past tense verb, and other similar. ![]() As Jane Smith explains, A ducks quack doesnt. Whether you've used a quote or a paraphrase, you must always cite your evidence. Notice the signal phrases (in bold print) used in the following examples.
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